Ilimin taurari na yara kimiyya da ilimi gwaji matakin shigarwa na'urar hangen nesa

Sigar Samfura

Tsari:

Ido: h20mm, h6mm guda biyu

1.5x madubi tabbatacce

90 digiri na zenith madubi

38 cm high aluminum tripod

Takaddun katin garanti na hannu

Manyan alamomi:

★ refractive / mai da hankali tsawon: 360mm, haske budewa: 50mm

★ Ana iya hada sau 60 da sau 18, sannan ana iya hada sau 90 da sau 27 da madubi mai kyau 1.5x.

★ ƙudurin ka'idar: 2.000 arcseconds, wanda yayi daidai da abubuwa biyu masu nisa na 0.970 cm a mita 1000.

★ babban ruwan ganga launi: azurfa (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto)

★ nauyi: Kimanin 1kg

★ girman akwatin: 44cm * 21cm * 10cm

Haɗin kallo: 1.5x ingantaccen madubi h20mm guntun ido (cikakken hoto mai inganci)

Dokokin amfani:

1. Cire ƙafafu masu goyan baya, shigar da ganga na hangen nesa a kan karkiya kuma daidaita shi tare da manyan sukurori.

2. Saka madubin zenith a cikin silinda mai mayar da hankali kuma gyara shi tare da sukurori masu dacewa.

3. Shigar da ido a kan madubi na zenith kuma gyara shi tare da sukurori masu dacewa.

4. Idan kuna son haɓakawa tare da madubi mai kyau, shigar da shi tsakanin guntun ido da ganga ruwan tabarau (babu buƙatar shigar da madubin zenith na digiri 90), don ku iya ganin sararin samaniya.

Menene hangen nesa na Astronomical?

Na'urar hangen nesa ta sararin samaniya shine babban kayan aiki don lura da jikunan sama da ɗaukar bayanan sararin samaniya.Tun da Galileo ya yi na'urar hangen nesa ta farko a cikin 1609, na'urar hangen nesa tana ci gaba da haɓakawa.Daga bandeji na gani zuwa cikakken band, daga ƙasa zuwa sararin samaniya, ikon kallon na'urar tana ƙara ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kuma ana iya ɗaukar ƙarin bayanan jikin sama.'Yan Adam suna da na'urar hangen nesa a cikin band na electromagnetic wave, neutrinos, raƙuman ruwa, hasken sararin samaniya da sauransu.

Tarihin Ci Gaba:

Telescope ya samo asali daga tabarau.Mutane sun fara amfani da tabarau kimanin shekaru 700 da suka wuce.Kusan ad 1300, Italiyanci sun fara yin gilashin karatu tare da ruwan tabarau masu kama da juna.Kusan ad 1450, gilashin myopia shima ya bayyana.A shekara ta 1608, wani koyo na H. Lippershey, mai kera kayan sawa a ƙasar Holland, da gangan ya gano cewa ta hanyar tattara ruwan tabarau biyu tare, yana iya ganin abubuwa a sarari.A shekara ta 1609, sa’ad da Galileo, masanin kimiyar ƙasar Italiya, ya ji labarin ƙirƙirar, nan da nan ya yi nasa na’urar hangen nesa ya yi amfani da shi wajen kallon taurari.Tun daga wannan lokacin, an haifi na'urar hangen nesa ta farko.Galileo ya lura da abubuwan da suka faru na faɗuwar rana, raƙuman wata, tauraron dan adam na Jupiter ( tauraron dan adam Galileo) da kuma riba da asarar Venus da na'urar hangen nesa, wanda ya goyi bayan ka'idar heliocentric na Copernicus.Na'urar hangen nesa na Galileo an yi shi ne da ka'idar refraction na haske, don haka ana kiransa refractor.

A shekara ta 1663, Gregory dan Scotland masanin falaki ya yi madubin Gregory ta hanyar amfani da ka'idar haskaka haske, amma bai shahara ba saboda fasahar kere kere.A cikin 1667, masanin kimiyar Burtaniya Newton ya ɗan inganta ra'ayin Gregory kuma ya yi madubi na Newtonian.Buɗewar sa shine kawai 2.5cm, amma haɓakawa ya fi sau 30.Hakanan yana kawar da bambancin launi na na'urar hangen nesa, wanda ya sa ya zama mai amfani sosai.A shekara ta 1672, Bafaranshen Cassegrain ya ƙera abin da aka fi amfani da shi na Cassegrain ta hanyar yin amfani da madubai masu kama da juna.Na'urar hangen nesa tana da tsayi mai tsayi, ɗan gajeren jikin ruwan tabarau, babban haɓakawa da bayyananniyar hoto;Ana iya amfani da shi don ɗaukar hotuna manya da ƙanana na sararin samaniya a cikin filin.Na'urar hangen nesa ta Hubble tana amfani da irin wannan na'urar hangen nesa.

A cikin 1781, masanan taurari na Burtaniya W. Herschel da C. Herschel sun gano Uranus tare da madubin bude ido mai tsayi cm 15.Tun daga wannan lokacin, masana ilmin taurari sun ƙara ayyuka da yawa a cikin na'urar hangen nesa don sa ya sami ikon yin nazari da sauransu.A shekara ta 1862, masanan taurarin Amurka Clark da ɗansa (A. Clark da A.g. Clark) sun yi wani buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido mai tsawon cm 47 kuma sun ɗauki hotunan taurarin abokin Sirius.A shekara ta 1908, masanin falaki Ba'amurke Haier ya jagoranci gina madubin buɗaɗɗen mita 1.53 don ɗaukar bakan na taurarin abokin Sirius.A cikin 1948, an kammala na'urar hangen nesa ta Haier.Fadinsa na mita 5.08 ya isa don dubawa da kuma nazarin tazara da kuma bayyanannun saurin gaɓoɓin sararin samaniya masu nisa.

A shekara ta 1931, Schmidt ɗan ƙasar Jamus ya yi na'urar hangen nesa na Schmidt, kuma a cikin 1941, masanin falaki na Soviet mark sutov ya yi alamar sutov Cassegrain reentry madubi, wanda ya wadata nau'ikan na'urorin hangen nesa.

A zamanin yau da kuma na zamani, na'urorin hangen nesa na taurari ba su da iyaka ga makada na gani.A shekara ta 1932, Injiniyoyin Rediyon Amurka sun gano hasken rediyo daga tsakiyar galaxy na Milky Way, wanda ke nuna haihuwar falakin rediyo.Bayan harba tauraron dan adam a shekarar 1957, na'urorin hangen nesa sun bunkasa.Tun daga sabon karni, sabbin na'urorin hangen nesa irin su neutrinos, kwayoyin duhu da raƙuman nauyi suna cikin hawan hawan.Yanzu, yawancin saƙonnin da taurarin sama suka aiko sun zama tushen masana ilmin taurari, kuma hangen nesa na ɗan adam yana ƙara faɗi.

A farkon Nuwamba 2021, bayan dogon lokaci na ci gaban aikin injiniya da gwajin haɗin kai, James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) da ake tsammani a ƙarshe ya isa wurin harba da ke a Guiana na Faransa kuma za a ƙaddamar da shi nan gaba kaɗan.

Ƙa'idar aiki na na'urar hangen nesa ta astronomical:

Ka'idar aiki na na'urar hangen nesa ta sararin samaniya ita ce ruwan tabarau na haƙiƙa (lens mai ma'ana) yana mai da hankali kan hoton, wanda aka ƙara ta da abin gani (convex lens).Ana mayar da hankali ne ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na haƙiƙa sannan kuma ta ƙara da abin gani.Maƙasudin ruwan tabarau da ƙwanƙwasa ido ɓangarori biyu ne, don haɓaka ingancin hoto.Ƙara ƙarfin haske a kowane yanki na yanki, ta yadda mutane za su iya samun abubuwa masu duhu da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai.Abin da ke shiga cikin idanunku kusan haske ne a layi daya, kuma abin da kuke gani hoto ne na hatsari wanda aka kara girman ido.Shi ne a kara girman kusurwar bude abu mai nisa daidai da wani girma, ta yadda zai kasance yana da babban kusurwar budewa a sararin hoton, ta yadda abin da ido tsirara ba a iya gani ko bambance shi ya fito fili ya kuma iya bambanta.Tsari ne na gani wanda ke kiyaye abin da ya faru daidai da katako da ke fitowa a layi daya ta hanyar madaidaicin ruwan tabarau da guntun ido.Gabaɗaya iri uku ne:

1. Refraction na'urar hangen nesa shine na'urar hangen nesa tare da ruwan tabarau azaman ruwan tabarau na haƙiƙa.Ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: na'urar hangen nesa na Galileo tare da ruwan tabarau mai ma'ana a matsayin ido;Kepler na'urar hangen nesa tare da ruwan tabarau convex azaman abin ido.Saboda ɓarkewar chromatic da ɓarnawar haƙiƙanin ruwan tabarau guda ɗaya suna da matukar tsanani, na'urorin hangen nesa na zamani kan yi amfani da rukunin ruwan tabarau biyu ko fiye.

2. Na'urar hangen nesa mai haskakawa shine na'urar hangen nesa tare da madubi mai dunƙulewa a matsayin ruwan tabarau na haƙiƙa.Ana iya raba shi zuwa Newton telescope, Cassegrain telescope da sauran nau'ikan.Babban fa'idar na'urar hangen nesa mai nuni shine cewa babu aberration na chromatic.Lokacin da ruwan tabarau na haƙiƙa ya ɗauki paraboloid, za a iya kawar da ɓarna mai siffar zobe.Duk da haka, don rage tasirin wasu ɓarna, filin da ake samuwa yana da ƙananan.Kayan don kera madubi kawai yana buƙatar ƙananan haɓaka haɓakawa, ƙarancin damuwa da sauƙin niƙa.

3. Caadioptric na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa dogara ne a kan mai siffar zobe madubi da kuma kara da refractive kashi for aberration gyara, wanda zai iya kauce wa wuya manyan-sikelin aspherical aiki da samun mai kyau image quality.Shahararren wanda shine na'urar hangen nesa na Schmidt, wanda ke sanya farantin gyaran gyare-gyare na Schmidt a tsakiyar ma'aunin madubi.Ɗayan saman jirgin sama ne ɗayan kuma fuskar aspherical ce mai ɗan naƙasa, wanda ke sa ɓangaren tsakiya na katako ya ɗan ɗanɗana sannan ɓangaren gefe ya ɗan bambanta, kawai yana gyara yanayin ɓarna da suma.